We aimed to evaluate the cognitive impairment in Neuro-Behcet's and Behcet's Disease and compare the affected mechanism causing cognitive dysfunction.

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a recurrent multisystemic inflammatory disorder characterized by oral aphtae, genital ulcers, other skin lesions, and uveitis. In about 5%–15% of the cases, it may affect the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma causing a meningoencephalitis most commonly affecting the brainstem and diencephalic structures and called Neuro-Behcet’s disease (NBD). The impact of BD on higher cognitive functions is still poorly understood and few reports showed that attention, working memory, retrieval abilities, and executive functions affected in NBS. 

36 BD patients and 41 NBS patients were included. All patients were meeting the criteria of International Study Group for BD. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) consisting of the selective reminding, 10/36 spatial recall, symbol digit modalities, paced auditory serial addition (PASAT) and word list generation tests and Beck Depression Scales which is implemented for the measurement of cognitive impairment in BD and MBS patients

%75 of NBD and %38 of BD had cognitive dysfunction at least one domain therefore cognitive dysfunction in BD should be considered carefully beside neurological impairment. Cognitive disorders affect moods and reduce their quality of life. Further comparative studies among patients with NBD and BD are required to discover the mechanisms causing cognitive dysfunction